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Difference Between Mouse and Trackball Points : Difference Between Mouse and Trackball, comparison Between Mouse and Trackball, Mouse vs Trackball Difference Between Mouse and Trackball Mouse Trackball 1. The mouse has to be moved when used. The track ball Is stationary. 2. A mouse consists of a metal or plastic housing or caring, a ball at its base and is rolled on a flat horizontal surface. You use a trackball by the rolling the ball with your palm and fingers. 3. Mouse are popular among light computer users. Trackball are popular among heavy computer users. 4. A mouse has ability to transmit textual information. A trackball can placed on any surface. 5. Mouse is commonly use Trackball is rear use.

Define Scanner and its types Points : define scanner and its types, flat bed scanner, handy scanner, sheet-feed scanner Scanner A scanner converts graphic and pictorial data to digital (binary) from which can be directly feed and stored in computer. The scanners are capable of digitizing not only shape and size of drawings but also varying intensities on a gray-to-black. They are used to scan more complex pictures and photographs. Now a days color scanner are also available. There are three types of scanners. Flat bed Scanner Handy Scanner Sheet-Feed Scanner Flat Bed Scanner: In case of a flatbed scanner, the drawing is fixed over a rectangular flatbed table. A mechanism is now moved over the surface of drawing which scans it and produces signals for the computer. Handy Scanner: The handy scanner is very small in size. The picture is placed on a flat surface and the scanner is moved downward by hand onto that picture to start scanning. Sheet-Feed Scanner: A scanner that feeds e...

Short Note Points : short note on mouse, trackball, joystick, lightpen, microphone and digital camera Mouse: Mouse is also a primary input device but lacks the ability to easily transmit it textual information. It is also called pointing device that is used to move a pointer on the computer screen in order to point to a place on a display screen and to select one or more actions to be taken from the position. Trackball: A trackball is a pointing device that look like upside-down mouse. The function of trackball is same as of mouse, but you do not have to roll it over a flat surface. You use a trackball by rolling the ball with your palm or fingers in the direction you want the pointer to go. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which are used just like mouse buttons. Joystick: A joystick is used only to play computer games. It is an input device, which controls the movement of a certain object is controlled by this handle, as well as the object can be jumped (i...

Keyboard and divisions of keyboard Points : keyboard and divisions of keyboard, division of keyboard, alphanumeric keypad, numeric keyboard, function keypad, screen navigation, or cursor movement keys, modifier keys Keyboard In most computers, a Key board is the primary text input device. It consists of a set of keys for computer input, which uses the same key arrangement as the mechanical and electronic typewriter keyboards that produced the computer, but with a few extra keys for computer commands and usually with the addition of a numeric keypad. The standard arrangement of alphabetic keys is known as the QWERTY (pronounced KWEHR-TEE) keyboard. The name is derived from the arrangement of five keys at the left of the upper first row of alphabetic key. A standard key build includes about 100 keys and each key sends a different signals to the CPU. Keyboards for personal computers come in many different styles chat differ in size, number of keys and shape. Division of Keyboard ...

Bit, Byte and Nibble Points : Define terms bit a byte and nibble Bit: The abbreviation of bit is binary digit which is non - addressable unit of memory. It is represented in terms of 0 and 1 or On/Off respectively. Byte: The combination or group of 8 bits is called a Byte. A byte is the smallest addressable location of memory that can hold one character, the character may be an alphabet (A to Z or a to z) a numeral (0 to 9) or special symbol (such as ?, $, &, !, #). Nibble: A group of four bits is called Nibble. I Nibble = 4 bits or I nibble = 1/2 byte

Define the following terms Points : define the following terms, memory word, memory address, mhz, mips, memory access time, flops, cycle time, viruses of the computer i. Memory Word ii. Memory Address iii. MHz iv. MIPS v. Memory Access Time vi. FLOPS vii. Cycle Time viii. Viruses of the computer i. Memory Word: Memory word is defined as the number of bits or byte that is microprocessor can manipulate as a unit. The length of a word varies by computer. It depends upon the data bus capacity of a computer. ii. Memory Address: Memory addresses is the location or address by which the data is located or addressed (accessed). iii. MHz: Mega Hertz (MHZ) is a unit in which clock speed of a computer is measured, which indicates how fast a computer process information, usually 1MHZ = 1 millions cycles per second iv. MIPS: MIPS stands for Million of Instruction Per Second. it is the unit in which the processing speed of a computer is expressed i.e. how many instructions per second a comput...

Function of ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit in Computer) Points : function of alu (arithmetic logic unit in computer) The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): When the control unit encounters and instruction that involves arithmetic or logic operations, it passes control to the second component of CPU, the arithmetic/Logic unit (ALU). Arithmetic operations are as you might except, the fundamental math operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operations consist of comparisons i.e. two pieces of data are compared to see whether one is equal to (=), less than ( ) the other. They are also used combinations, such as “greater than or equal to”. The ALU also uses specialized storage areas called register in which data is held while operations are performed on it.

Difference between Computer and Calculator Points : difference between computer and calculator Difference between Computer and Calculator Computer Calculator 1. Computer can accept and operate alphabetic data. Calculator can not accept alphabetic data. 2. Computer has large memory for storing programs hind data. Calculator has small memory. 3. Computer has internal storage. It has very small internal storage as compared to computer. 4. It has predefined instruction called, Program. It has no predefined instructions like a program. 5. It performs numeric, arithmetic and logical operations. It performs only numeric and arithmetic calculation.

Parts of CPU Points : Parts of CPU, Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Registers, Memory Unit (MU) Parts of CPU: i. Control Unit (CU) ii. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) iii. Registers iv. Memory Unit (MU) Control Unit (CU): Control unit directs and co-ordinates all activity of computer It controls, Time and sequence of operation of computer. input/Output devices. The execution of program. Storage and retrieval of data from memory. Storage and retrieval of’ data from storage devices, Routing of information between memory and (ALU). The direction of arithmetical and logical operation. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Arithmetic and logic unit can perform numerical processing of data including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, It can perform certain logical operation i.e. , ,to make simple decision. Registers: Registers are special storage areas built into microprocessor to. Access data at high speed. Operate on data and to perform tasks. Regist...

Difference Between RAM and ROM Points : difference between ram and rom, ram vs rom Difference Between RAM and ROM RAM ROM 1. RAM is larger and busier of the two. When program and data are joined into the computer they are put in RAM. ROM holds the built-in operating system, basic input output system (BIOS) and utility programs responsible for carrying out computers basic functions. 2. As the name implies, the memory location in RAM can be accessed randomly. These are normally accessed automatically when the computer is turned on. 3. When the contents of RAM are no longer in need, they can be created and replaced instantaneously with other program and data. The contents of ROM can not be changed. As the name implies, it can only be read and not written too. 4. In general RAM is volatile that is information is lost when the power supply is switched off. RAM may be static and dynamic. In general ROM is non-volatile, that is information is not lost when the power supply is switched off....

Memory Unit and its two major types Points : define memory unit and its two major types, read only memory (rom), random access memory (ram) Memory Unit Memory unit is the place where the computer program and data re stored during processing. It is the area, through which all the data which is input into or output of the CPU mist pass. ft is monitored by OU which keeps track of every thing in the storage. It is a random access device, which consists of thousands upon thousands of storage locations, each of which can be directly reached by the CU. Each storage location is distinguished by the address. It is divided into two parts. Read Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) This part of memory contains permanently stored information. When the power is switched off. ROM does not wash away. This information is available to a computer to read and process but not to be changed is kept on ROM. This information is stored on small pieces of memory chips, befo...

CPU and its different units Points : cpu and its different units, central processing unit (cpu), ? arithmetic and logic unit (alu), centro unit (cu), memory unit (mu), Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of computer system. We use CPU to control all input and output connections inside arid outside of computer to produce correct answers for the user. it controls and supervises all the units in a computer. It takes information from the input unit and from the memory and uses it according to the instructions already given to the computer. From functional point of view CPU consists of three parts. Arithmetic arid Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU) * Memory Unit (MU) Arithmetic And Logic Unit (ALU) The ALU in any microprocessor, which provides calculations including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It can also perform logical operations like comparing two numbers to see which number is greater than, less than or equal to another nu...

Major Function of Input and Output Devices Points : major function of input and output devices Major Function of Input Device These are physical equipments that read or translate data consisting of alphabets, number or other symbols into electronic impulses, which can be understood by the computer. The purpose of input devices is to pass information into the memory unit of the CPU. It converts the characters letters, numbers and other symbols into binary pattern. Major Function of Output Device: The output devices are physical equipment, which present the out come of the computations and related activities carried out in the CPU so that these can be understood by humans. The purpose of the output devices is to convert data and information expressed in electronic impulses to human understandable forms such as printed report.

Functional Units of Computer Points : functional units of computer, input unit, central processing unit (cpu), function of a cpu:, output unit, hard copy and soft copy Functional Units of Computer A micro computer consists of several components, each containing mechanical and electronic equipments. There are three basic components of a computer. i. Input unit ii. Central Processing Unit iii. Output Unit i. input Unit: In order to process data, a computer must have the ability to receive this data. The elements of a computer system, which enter the data into the computer are known as Input unit. The function of input unit is to feed data or information and a set of instructions into the computer. The most common input devices is the Keyboard and the mouse. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of computer system. We use CPU to control all input and output connections inside and outside of computer to produce correct answers for the user. It contr...

Difference Between Internal And External Memory Points : difference between internal and external memory, comparision between internal and external memory Difference Between Internal And External Memory Internal Memory External Memory 1. Internal memory is also known as primary storage or main memory. External memory is also known as secondary, Auxiliary or backing storage. 2. It is volatile in nature in case of RAM but ROM is non-volatile. It is non-volatile in nature. 3. It is connected by inserting chips into sockets in case of RAM while ROM is built in into the computer. They are connected by data cable and power cable with the computer. 4. It is used to store data temporary in case of RAM. They are use to score data permanently for future used. 5. It consists of media only. It consist of media and device. 6. Internal memory is a working memory. External memory is not a working memory. 7. Examples are RAM and ROM. Examples are hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, cassette etc....

Difference between Serial ports and Parallel ports Points : difference between serial ports and parallel ports, define ports. compare and contrast: serial ports and parallel ports Ports A ports is a socket at the back of a computer used to plug-in various devices. Personal computers have various types of ports. Internally; there are several ports for connecting disk drives, display controllers and keyboards. Externally, personal computers hive ports for connecting modems, printers, scanner and other peripheral devices. Difference between Serial ports and Parallel ports Serial ports Parallel ports 1. A direct link with micro computer’s bus that facilitates the serial transmission of data. A direct link with microcomputer’s but facilitates the parallel transmission of data. 2. Serial ports are used for connecting cable that transmit bits one after the others. Parallel ports are used for connecting cable that transmit serial of bits simultaneously. 3. Rate of data transfer is slow. R...

Purpose of Data Bus, Address Bus and Control Bus Points : purpose of data bus, address bus and control bus, define the term bus in general. what are the purpose of data bus, address bus and control bus Buses A processor communicates with Input/output circuit and memory by using signals. These signals travel along a set of wires or connections called bus that connect the different components together. There are three types of signals: address, control and data; like wise there are three types of buses: Address bus, Control bus and Data bus. There are local buses that connect elements within the CPU and buses, which connect the computer to external memory and peripherals. The bus width determine the speed of data transmission. Simply, bus is a set of wires that is used as a communication path. Address flat A collection of wires connecting the CPU with main memory that is used to identify particular locations (address) in main memory where data is stored. The number of bits in t...

Major Functions of Arithmetic Logical Unit and Control Unit Points : major functions of arithmetic logical unit and control unit, define the terms with their major functions, arithmetic logical unit, control unit Arithmetic Logical Unit This is where arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, division and multiplication are performed. This is where logical operations are also done such as comparison between two pieces of data. The ALU performs the basic functions on data received from the primary storage based on instruction from the control unit. The ALU Performs Arithmetic und Logical Operations The ALU includes a group of registers *_ high-speed volatile or temporary memory locations built directly into the CPU that are used to held the data currently being processed. For example, the control unit might load two numbers from memory into the registers in the ALU. Then it might tell the ALU to divide the two numbers (an arithmetic operation) or to compare the two numbers...

Differentiate between source and object program Points : differentiate between source and object program Differentiate between Source and Object program Source Program Object Program 1. The main program or set of instruction in some high level language. The program which is being converted into machine code. 2. Before translation form. After transfer form. 3. Source program cannot be executed but interpreted or compiled into an object program. Object program can be linked and executed after translation by linker. 4. They can be edited or debugged easily. They can’t be edited or debugged easily. 5. They depends upon the language in which they are written i.e. CPP (C language); java (java language); Vbp (visual Basic) They depends upon the machine for which they are designed having. OBJ extension mostly. 6. The can be converted into object programs. The can be converted into executable program.

Bottom-up Programming and Differs from Top-down Programming Points : what is meant by bottom-up programming? how does it differs from top-down programming, advantages of bottom-up programming Bottom-up Programming Bottom-up programming is the opposite of top-down programming. It refers to a style of programming where an application is constructed starting with existing primitives of the programming language and construction gradually more and more complicated features, until all of the application has been written. Advantages of Bottom-up Programming Bottom-up programming has several advantages over top-down programming. Testing is simplified since no stubs are needed. While it might be necessary to write test functions, these are simpler to write than stubs and sometimes not necessary at all in particular if one uses an interactive programming environment such as common lisp or GDB. Pieces of command written in bottom up tend to be more general, and thus more reusable then piece...