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Hierarchy of Computer Languages

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Hierarchy of Computer Languages Points : what is hierarchy of computer languages? briefly explain the characteristics of a high level programming language, advantages of high level language, disadvantage of high level language Programming Language Naturally a language is the source of communication between two persons and also between the person to machine like computer. The language we can use to communicate with the computer are known as Computer programming languages. Generally there are two major types of languages are available as follows: 1. Low Level Language The sets of commands available in low level language is complex and not easy to understand. In this category “Assembly” and “Machine codes” are available. Assembly programs are faster than other high level languages programs. 2. High Level Languages The set of commands available in high level languages are very simple and easy to understand. High level languages are further divided into two major categories. i. Proc

Top-Down Programming

Top-Down Programming Points : top-down programming, what is meant by top-down programming, how does top-down program work, disadvantages of top-down programming Top-Down Programming Top-down programming is the opposite of bottom up programming. It refers to the style of programming where an application is constructed starting with a high level description of what it is supposed to do and breaking the specification down into simpler pieces, until a level has been reached that correspond to the primitives of the programming language to be used. How does Top-down Program Work Top down programming (TDP) tends to generate modules that are based on functionally, usually in the form of functions or procedures typically the high level specification of the system states functionality. The high level- description is the refined to be a sequence or a loop of simpler function or procedures, that are then themselves redefine. In this style of programming there is a great risk that implementati

Early Computing Machines and Their Inventors

Early Computing Machines and Their Inventors Points : early computing machines and their inventors, define the early computing machines and their inventors, abacus pascal’s calculator, babbage difference engine, babbage analytical engine, dr. herman hollerith punch curd machine, mark i, enivac, edvac, univac-i Abacus Abacus is a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them when these beads are moved around, according to programming rules memorized by the user, all regular arithmetic problems can be done. Pascal’s Calculator Braise Pascal, a French Mathematician and Philosopher, invented the first mechanical digital calculator, which could perform addition and subtraction on whole numbers. Pascaline developed around 1642. It was cheaper to have human labor perform the calculations, workers feared losing their jobs, and only Pascal could repair the machine. A programming language Pascal was later named to honour his contribution. Babbage Difference Engine In 18